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    <IdentifierDoi>10.3205/26dga208</IdentifierDoi>
    <IdentifierUrn>urn:nbn:de:0183-26dga2081</IdentifierUrn>
    <ArticleType>Meeting Abstract</ArticleType>
    <TitleGroup>
      <Title language="en">Assessing subjective listening effort in children and adults: a validated questionnaire</Title>
    </TitleGroup>
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        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Seitz</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Seitz</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Julia</Firstname>
          <Initials>J</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>RWTH Aachen, Institut f&#252;r H&#246;rtechnik und Akustik, Aachen, Deutschland</Affiliation>
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          <Lastname>Fels</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Fels</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Janina</Firstname>
          <Initials>J</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>RWTH Aachen, Institut f&#252;r H&#246;rtechnik und Akustik, Aachen, Deutschland</Affiliation>
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        <Creatorrole corresponding="no" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
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          <Corporatename>German Medical Science GMS Publishing House</Corporatename>
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        <Address>D&#252;sseldorf</Address>
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      <SubjectheadingDDB>610</SubjectheadingDDB>
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    <DatePublishedList>
      <DatePublished >20260302</DatePublished >
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    <Language>engl</Language>
    <License license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
      <AltText language="en">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</AltText>
      <AltText language="de">Dieser Artikel ist ein Open-Access-Artikel und steht unter den Lizenzbedingungen der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (Namensnennung).</AltText>
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      <Meeting>
        <MeetingId>M0642</MeetingId>
        <MeetingSequence>208</MeetingSequence>
        <MeetingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft f&#252;r Audiologie e. V.</MeetingCorporation>
        <MeetingName>28. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f&#252;r Audiologie</MeetingName>
        <MeetingTitle></MeetingTitle>
        <MeetingSession>Postersession</MeetingSession>
        <MeetingCity>Oldenburg</MeetingCity>
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          <DateFrom>20260304</DateFrom>
          <DateTo>20260306</DateTo>
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      <MainHeadline>Text</MainHeadline><Pgraph>Subjective assessment of listening effort is one way of understanding the auditory processing in complex listening environments. This meta-analysis validated a child-appropriate questionnaire designed to measure listening effort in children aged five to ten and adults. The questionnaire was administered across five listening experiments, with a combined sample of 117 children and 50 adults. For each noise condition, well-being, task performance, and perceived effort were assessed. These items were then combined into one listening effort score. The two noise conditions examined in the meta-analysis were multi-talker babble noise at a signal-to-noise ratio of 0dB compared to silence. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed that all three questionnaire items loaded substantially on a single factor representing listening effort, demonstrating construct validity. Meta-analytic results demonstrated the questionnaire&#39;s acceptable to very good internal consistency, with an overall Cronbach&#8216;s alpha of 0.728 and for all children combined, and age-group-specific values ranging from 0.646 to 0.835. The questionnaire successfully differentiated listening effort between silence and noise conditions across all five studies and age groups, with the factor structure remaining invariant across ages, confirming its reliability and suitability for assessing subjective listening effort. These findings provide comprehensive evidence supporting the questionnaire&#39;s potential application in both research and clinical contexts.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <References linked="yes">
      <Reference refNo="1">
        <RefAuthor>Seitz J</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Loh K</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Fels J</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Listening effort in children and adults in classroom noise</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2024</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>Sci Rep</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>25200</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Seitz J, Loh K, Fels J. Listening effort in children and adults in classroom noise. Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 24;14(1):25200. DOI: 10.1038&#47;s41598-024-76932-7</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.1038&#47;s41598-024-76932-7</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="2">
        <RefAuthor>Seitz J</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Fels J</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Differences Between Subjective and Behavioral Listening Effort in Children Across Age and Task Complexity</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2025</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>Ear Hear</RefJournal>
        <RefPage></RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Seitz J, Fels J. Differences Between Subjective and Behavioral Listening Effort in Children Across Age and Task Complexity. Ear Hear. 2025 Dec 19. DOI: 10.1097&#47;AUD.0000000000001759</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.1097&#47;AUD.0000000000001759</RefLink>
      </Reference>
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