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      <Title language="en">Developing the GRRAS-COSMIN reporting guidelines for studies on reliability and agreement&#47;measurement error</Title>
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          <Affiliation>Charit&#233; &#8211; Universit&#228;tsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Berlin, Deutschland</Affiliation>
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          <Affiliation>Charit&#233; &#8211; Universit&#228;tsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Deutschland</Affiliation>
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          <Affiliation>Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Niederlande</Affiliation>
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          <Affiliation>McMaster University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Deutschland</Affiliation>
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          <Affiliation>University of Copenhagen, Centre for Evidence-Based Orthopaedics, Zealand University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, D&#228;nemark</Affiliation>
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          <Affiliation>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Biostatistics and Scientific Computing Department, Saudi-Arabien</Affiliation>
          <Affiliation>University of Western Ontario, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kanada</Affiliation>
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          <Lastname>Kottner</Lastname>
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          <Firstname>Jan</Firstname>
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          <Affiliation>Charit&#233; &#8211; Universit&#228;tsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Berlin, Deutschland</Affiliation>
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          <Corporatename>German Medical Science GMS Publishing House</Corporatename>
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        <Address>D&#252;sseldorf</Address>
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      <SubjectheadingDDB>610</SubjectheadingDDB>
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    <DatePublishedList>
      <DatePublished>20251030</DatePublished>
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    <Language>engl</Language>
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      <AltText language="en">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</AltText>
      <AltText language="de">Dieser Artikel ist ein Open-Access-Artikel und steht unter den Lizenzbedingungen der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (Namensnennung).</AltText>
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      <Meeting>
        <MeetingId>M0662</MeetingId>
        <MeetingSequence>249</MeetingSequence>
        <MeetingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft f&#252;r Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin</MeetingCorporation>
        <MeetingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft f&#252;r Sozialmedizin und Pr&#228;vention</MeetingCorporation>
        <MeetingCorporation>Netzwerk Evidenzbasierte Medizin e.V.</MeetingCorporation>
        <MeetingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft f&#252;r Medizinische Soziologie</MeetingCorporation>
        <MeetingName>60. Kongress f&#252;r Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin</MeetingName>
        <MeetingTitle>Gesundheit gestalten</MeetingTitle>
        <MeetingSession>Methoden der Gesundheitsforschung II</MeetingSession>
        <MeetingCity>G&#246;ttingen</MeetingCity>
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          <DateFrom>20260930</DateFrom>
          <DateTo>20261002</DateTo>
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      <MainHeadline>Text</MainHeadline><Pgraph><Mark1>Background:</Mark1> Reliability and agreement&#47;measurement error are essential measurement properties and directly affect research quality and thereby evidence-based clinical practice. The Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies (GRRAS) were developed to improve reporting completeness and transparency. Given methodological advances over the past decade, an update aligned with current standards, including the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN), is needed.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Aim&#47;scientific question:</Mark1> As a first step, we aim to identify and synthesize published critiques, evaluations, and methodological discussions to inform the updated GRRAS-COSMIN reporting guideline.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Material &#38; Methods:</Mark1> The methods review is registered <Hyperlink href="https:&#47;&#47;doi.org&#47;10.17605&#47;OSF.IO&#47;9TJEX">https:&#47;&#47;doi.org&#47;10.17605&#47;OSF.IO&#47;9TJEX</Hyperlink>. We included publications citing the original GRRAS that provide critiques or suggestions, and studies, reviews, editorials, and guidance documents from the past decade addressing methodological aspects of reliability, agreement, or measurement error. Included sources are analyzed using qualitative content analysis and hybrid codebook thematic analysis.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Results:</Mark1> We included 19 publications commenting on GRRAS and 133 papers addressing methodological aspects of reliability, agreement, or measurement error. An additional 15 key sources were identified by the author team, resulting in 148 included sources. Data analysis is ongoing and additional key sources may be identified via backwards searching. By September 2026, we expect results on the measurement properties (i.e., definitions), key methodological issues (e.g., study design, statistical methods, handling of measurement error, risk of bias, reporting quality), and use of existing frameworks. Further inductive themes may be developed during analysis.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Discussion:</Mark1> Transparent reporting supports both accurate reporting and robust study design when considered early. The updated GRRAS-COSMIN guideline will enhance reproducibility and facilitate critical appraisal in studies of reliability, agreement&#47;measurement error.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Take Home Message:</Mark1> The updated GRRAS-COSMIN guideline will provide practical, up-to-date guidance to improve reporting of studies on reliability and agreement&#47;measurement error for measurement instruments in health sciences.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Competing interests:</Mark1> Keine</Pgraph></TextBlock>
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