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    <IdentifierDoi>10.3205/26isfam047</IdentifierDoi>
    <IdentifierUrn>urn:nbn:de:0183-26isfam0478</IdentifierUrn>
    <ArticleType>Meeting Abstract</ArticleType>
    <TitleGroup>
      <Title language="en">Measuring the S Factor: Development and Multi-Language Validation of the State Spontaneity Scale</Title>
    </TitleGroup>
    <CreatorList>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Biancalani</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Biancalani</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Gianmarco</Firstname>
          <Initials>G</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>University of Haifa</Affiliation>
        </Address>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="no" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Orkibi</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Orkibi</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Hod</Firstname>
          <Initials>H</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>University of Haifa</Affiliation>
        </Address>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="no" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
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          <Corporatename>German Medical Science GMS Publishing House</Corporatename>
        </Corporation>
        <Address>D&#252;sseldorf</Address>
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    <SubjectGroup>
      <SubjectheadingDDB>610</SubjectheadingDDB>
    </SubjectGroup>
    <DatePublishedList>
      <DatePublished>20260612</DatePublished>
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    <Language>engl</Language>
    <License license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
      <AltText language="en">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</AltText>
      <AltText language="de">Dieser Artikel ist ein Open-Access-Artikel und steht unter den Lizenzbedingungen der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (Namensnennung).</AltText>
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      <Meeting>
        <MeetingId>M0652</MeetingId>
        <MeetingSequence>047</MeetingSequence>
        <MeetingCorporation>International Society for Arts and Medicine</MeetingCorporation>
        <MeetingName>The Healing Arts &#8211; Forging Alliances of Arts &#38; Medicine</MeetingName>
        <MeetingTitle></MeetingTitle>
        <MeetingSession>Presentation Abstracts</MeetingSession>
        <MeetingCity>Berlin</MeetingCity>
        <MeetingDate>
          <DateFrom>20260618</DateFrom>
          <DateTo>20260620</DateTo>
        </MeetingDate>
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    <ArticleNo>26isfam047</ArticleNo>
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      <MainHeadline>Text</MainHeadline><Pgraph><Mark1>Background:</Mark1> In psychodrama theory and practice, spontaneity is defined as a state of readiness that propels individuals to respond in new and appropriate ways. It is conceived as the vehicle through which creativity finds expression and as a catalyst for adaptive responses to change.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Objectives:</Mark1> To present the development and initial validation of the State Spontaneity Scale (SSS) and to describe a multi-language validation project.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Methods:</Mark1> Three consecutive studies were conducted to develop and initially validate the SSS. Study 1 defined the construct of spontaneity and generated a pool of items from international psychodrama experts. Study 2 refined and selected the most representative items. Study 3 confirmed a 12-item, four-factor model of state spontaneity. The SSS was then translated into several languages using a four-phase procedure: two independent translations and synthesis, back-translation, pretesting with a sample to identify ambiguous wording, and administration after a 30-minute online improvisational drama-based session with groups of 4-8 adults in each country.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Results:</Mark1> Results supported a 12-item SSS measurement model, showing that spontaneity could be measured as a latent construct underlying four interrelated factors: dynamic presence, readiness, intuition, and openness. The SSS presented strong internal consistency reliability, and its correlations with other measures (spontaneity, state anxiety, and creative adaptability) pointed to convergent and discriminant validity. Preliminary findings from the multi-language validation will be presented.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Conclusion:</Mark1> The SSS offers significant potential for change process research, enabling the examination of spontaneity as a process variable that may mediate therapeutic change in psychodrama and other Creative Arts Therapies.</Pgraph><Pgraph> </Pgraph></TextBlock>
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