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      <Title language="en">Dramatis personae: A gamified approach to foster interprofessional collaboration in medication safety education</Title>
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          <Firstname>Karen</Firstname>
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          <Affiliation>University of Bern, Institute of Primary Health Care, Bern, Switzerland</Affiliation>
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          <Affiliation>University of Bern, Institute of Primary Health Care, Bern, Switzerland</Affiliation>
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          <Affiliation>Bern University Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Bern, Switzerland</Affiliation>
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          <Lastname>Panchaud Monnat</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Panchaud Monnat</LastnameHeading>
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          <Affiliation>University of Bern, Institute of Primary Health Care, Bern, Switzerland</Affiliation>
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          <Affiliation>University of Bern, Institute of Primary Health Care, Bern, Switzerland</Affiliation>
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          <Lastname>Bauer</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Bauer</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Daniel</Firstname>
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        <Address>
          <Affiliation>University of Bern, Institute for Medical Education, Bern, Switzerland</Affiliation>
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        <Email>daniel.bauer&#64;unibe.ch</Email>
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          <Lastname>W&#252;st</Lastname>
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          <Firstname>Sandra</Firstname>
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          <Affiliation>University of Bern, Institute of Primary Health Care, Bern, Switzerland</Affiliation>
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          <Corporatename>German Medical Science GMS Publishing House</Corporatename>
        </Corporation>
        <Address>D&#252;sseldorf</Address>
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    <SubjectGroup>
      <SubjectheadingDDB>610</SubjectheadingDDB>
      <Keyword language="en">interprofessional education</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">medication safety</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">gamification</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">persona method</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">patient safety</Keyword>
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    <DatePublishedList>
      <DatePublished>20260507</DatePublished>
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    <Language>engl</Language>
    <License license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
      <AltText language="en">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</AltText>
      <AltText language="de">Dieser Artikel ist ein Open-Access-Artikel und steht unter den Lizenzbedingungen der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (Namensnennung).</AltText>
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      <Meeting>
        <MeetingId>M0648</MeetingId>
        <MeetingSequence>26</MeetingSequence>
        <MeetingName></MeetingName>
        <MeetingTitle>20. Internationales SkillsLab Symposium 2026</MeetingTitle>
        <MeetingSession>Posters 4: Ready to Practice &#8211; Anatomie, Simulation und digitale Formate</MeetingSession>
        <MeetingCity>Mannheim</MeetingCity>
        <MeetingDate>
          <DateFrom>20260312</DateFrom>
          <DateTo>20260314</DateTo>
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      <MainHeadline>Text</MainHeadline><Pgraph><Mark1>Background:</Mark1> Medication safety is intrinsically interprofessional, requiring coordinated action across professions as well as involvement of patients&#47;informal caregivers. Interprofessional content should therefore be learned interprofessionally and through practical approaches reflecting the complexity of real medication processes. Gamification has been shown to be both motivating and effective in collaborative learning settings by promoting engagement and active problem-solving <TextLink reference="1"></TextLink>. Learner-centred educational design requires consideration of the perspectives and constraints of actors involved in the medication process. The persona method provides a human-centred framework, translating complex data into narrative-based characters that support perspective-taking and authentic learning experiences <TextLink reference="2"></TextLink>. Combining gamification with the persona method, the interprofessional collaboration unit of the CAS Medication Safety programme at the University of Bern was developed as a half-day, experimental, learner-centred module <TextLink reference="3"></TextLink>.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Project description:</Mark1> The module consisted of short, role-based vignettes implemented as educational games. Using the persona method, roles within the medication process were represented as narrative personas with specific responsibilities, risks, and decision-making contexts. This enabled participants to engage with medication safety challenges from multiple perspectives. Collectively, the games reproduced key stages of the medication safety process, spanning workplace safety, prescribing and validation, handling of look-&#47;sound-alike medications, communication and error management across care settings, as well as medication preparation, administration, and intake from the perspective of patients&#47; informal caregivers. Gamification elements such as time pressure, scoring mechanisms, and cooperative tasks were integrated to enhance motivation while maintaining alignment with authentic clinical risks. Debriefings facilitated reflection, interprofessional dialogue, and transfer to participants&#8217; practice.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Evaluation:</Mark1> Evaluation was exploratory, based on written feedback from nine participants. Participants reported high acceptance of the gamified format and emphasized the value of role-switching and practical interprofessional collaboration. Several participants later approached the teaching team to request permission to reuse the games in their own pharmacies, indicating perceived relevance and transferability.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Conclusion:</Mark1> Combining gamification and the persona method represents a promising learner-centred approach to teaching interprofessional medication safety to postgraduates. By aligning game mechanics with human-centred design, the module supports engagement and perspective-taking across the medication process. Future work will focus on systematic evaluation and adaptation to other patient safety contexts.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Competing interests:</Mark1> The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <References linked="yes">
      <Reference refNo="1">
        <RefAuthor>Tolks D</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Lampert C</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Dadaczynski K</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Maslon E</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Paulus P</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Sailer M</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Spielerische Ans&#228;tze in Pr&#228;vention und Gesundheitsf&#246;rderung: Serious Games und Gamification</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2020</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>698-707</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Tolks D, Lampert C, Dadaczynski K, Maslon E, Paulus P, Sailer M. Spielerische Ans&#228;tze in Pr&#228;vention und Gesundheitsf&#246;rderung: Serious Games und Gamification &#91;Game-based approaches to prevention and health promotion: serious games and gamification&#93;. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2020;63(6):698-707. DOI: 10.1007&#47;s00103-020-03156-1</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.1007&#47;s00103-020-03156-1</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="2">
        <RefAuthor>Valaitis R</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Longaphy J</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Ploeg J</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Agarwal G</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Oliver D</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Nair</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>K</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Kastner M</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Avilla E</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Dolovich L</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Health TAPESTRY: co-designing interprofessional primary care programs for older adults using the persona-scenario method</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2019</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>BMC Fam Pract</RefJournal>
        <RefPage>122</RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Valaitis R, Longaphy J, Ploeg J, Agarwal G, Oliver D, Nair, K, Kastner M, Avilla E, Dolovich L. Health TAPESTRY: co-designing interprofessional primary care programs for older adults using the persona-scenario method. BMC Fam Pract. 2019;20(1):122. DOI: 10.1186&#47;s12875-019-1013-9</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.1186&#47;s12875-019-1013-9</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="3">
        <RefAuthor>Universit&#228;t Bern</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle></RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2025</RefYear>
        <RefBookTitle>CAS in Medication Safety</RefBookTitle>
        <RefPage></RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Universit&#228;t Bern. CAS in Medication Safety. Bern: Universit&#228;t Bern; 2025. Zug&#228;nglich unter&#47;available from: https:&#47;&#47;www.unibe.ch&#47;continuing&#95;education&#95;programs&#47;cas&#95;in&#95;medication&#95;safety&#47;index&#95;eng.html</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>https:&#47;&#47;www.unibe.ch&#47;continuing&#95;education&#95;programs&#47;cas&#95;in&#95;medication&#95;safety&#47;index&#95;eng.html</RefLink>
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