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    <IdentifierDoi>10.3205/26dga013</IdentifierDoi>
    <IdentifierUrn>urn:nbn:de:0183-26dga0137</IdentifierUrn>
    <ArticleType>Meeting Abstract</ArticleType>
    <TitleGroup>
      <Title language="en">A computational model framework of auditory nerve activity with acoustic and electric stimulation using intracochlear and non-invasive extracochlear electric stimulatio</Title>
    </TitleGroup>
    <CreatorList>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Nogueira Vazquez</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Nogueira Vazquez</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Waldo</Firstname>
          <Initials>W</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, HNO, Hannover, Deutschland</Affiliation>
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        <Creatorrole corresponding="no" presenting="yes">author</Creatorrole>
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      <Publisher>
        <Corporation>
          <Corporatename>German Medical Science GMS Publishing House</Corporatename>
        </Corporation>
        <Address>D&#252;sseldorf</Address>
      </Publisher>
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    <SubjectGroup>
      <SubjectheadingDDB>610</SubjectheadingDDB>
    </SubjectGroup>
    <DatePublishedList>
      <DatePublished >20260302</DatePublished >
    </DatePublishedList>
    <Language>engl</Language>
    <License license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
      <AltText language="en">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</AltText>
      <AltText language="de">Dieser Artikel ist ein Open-Access-Artikel und steht unter den Lizenzbedingungen der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (Namensnennung).</AltText>
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      <Meeting>
        <MeetingId>M0642</MeetingId>
        <MeetingSequence>013</MeetingSequence>
        <MeetingCorporation>Deutsche Gesellschaft f&#252;r Audiologie e. V.</MeetingCorporation>
        <MeetingName>28. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f&#252;r Audiologie</MeetingName>
        <MeetingTitle></MeetingTitle>
        <MeetingSession>Strukturierte Sitzung 2: Modellbasierte H&#246;rdiagnostik und H&#246;rsysteme</MeetingSession>
        <MeetingCity>Oldenburg</MeetingCity>
        <MeetingDate>
          <DateFrom>20260304</DateFrom>
          <DateTo>20260306</DateTo>
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    <ArticleNo>013</ArticleNo>
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      <MainHeadline>Text</MainHeadline><Pgraph>Computational models provide critical insights into the mechanisms underlying electric&#8211;acoustic stimulation (EAS) of the auditory system. We present a substantially updated human cochlear model that now incorporates a detailed, population-based full-head representation, including the outer, middle, and inner ear as well as the brain. This extended model enables simulation of both intra- and extra-cochlear electrical stimulation alongside acoustic input.</Pgraph><Pgraph>Finite element method (FEM) simulations were performed under monopolar stimulation modes for intra- and non-invasive extra-cochlear electrodes. A novel computational framework was developed to predict acoustically and electrically evoked compound action potentials (aCAPs, eCAPs) and electrocochleography (ECochG), focusing on interactions at the hair cell and auditory nerve level during combined EAS. Key validation measures include transimpedance matrices (TIMs), voltage and current distributions, hair cell and neural activity, and resulting ECochG, eCAP and aCAP waveforms.</Pgraph><Pgraph>The model accurately reproduced TIMs and excitation spread patterns consistent with published human data and revealed distinct current pathways for intra- versus extra-cochlear stimulation. Simulated ECochG components (cochlear microphonics, auditory nerve neurophonics) and CAP morphology closely matched human recordings.</Pgraph><Pgraph>This full-head model offers a powerful tool for investigating electric&#8211;acoustic interactions as a novel diagnostic tool of low frequeny  hearing.</Pgraph><Pgraph><Mark1>Acknowledgements:</Mark1> These results is part of the project that received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union&#39;s Horizon-ERC programme (Grant agreement READIHEAR No. 101044753, <Hyperlink href="https:&#47;&#47;www.sciencedirect.com&#47;science&#47;article&#47;pii&#47;S0378595524001412&#35;gs00001">https:&#47;&#47;www.sciencedirect.com&#47;science&#47;article&#47;pii&#47;S0378595524001412&#35;gs00001</Hyperlink>. PI: Waldo Nogueira).</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <References linked="yes">
      <Reference refNo="1">
        <RefAuthor>Zhang Y</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Kipping D</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Nogueira W</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>Evaluating electrophysiological and behavioral measures of neural health in cochlear implant users: a computational simulation study</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2025</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering</RefJournal>
        <RefPage></RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Zhang Y, Kipping D, Nogueira W. Evaluating electrophysiological and behavioral measures of neural health in cochlear implant users: a computational simulation study. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 2025;72(12). DOI: 10.1109&#47;TBME.2025.3573398</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.1109&#47;TBME.2025.3573398</RefLink>
      </Reference>
      <Reference refNo="2">
        <RefAuthor>Kipping D</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Zhang Y</RefAuthor>
        <RefAuthor>Nogueira W</RefAuthor>
        <RefTitle>A Computational Model of the Electrically or Acoustically Evoked Compound Action Potential in Cochlear Implant Users with Residual Hearing</RefTitle>
        <RefYear>2024</RefYear>
        <RefJournal>IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering</RefJournal>
        <RefPage></RefPage>
        <RefTotal>Kipping D, Zhang Y, Nogueira W. A Computational Model of the Electrically or Acoustically Evoked Compound Action Potential in Cochlear Implant Users with Residual Hearing. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 2024;71(11). DOI: 10.1109&#47;TBME.2024.3410686</RefTotal>
        <RefLink>http:&#47;&#47;dx.doi.org&#47;10.1109&#47;TBME.2024.3410686</RefLink>
      </Reference>
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